THERMAL+CONCEPTS

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THERMAL CONCEPTS
State that temperature determines the direction of thermal energy transfer between two objects Students should be familiar with the concept of thermal equilibrium. TEMPERATURE: A measurement of how hot an object is. A scalar quantity. If two objects have the same temperature, there will be no net heat flow between them.

 State the relation between the Kelvin and Celsius scales of temperature. // T // /K = //t///°C + 273 is sufficient. ABSOLUTE ZERO: The lowest temperature possible. -273.16 ° C or zero kelvin (0K). Kelvin is the absolute thermodynamic temperature scale.  

 State that the internal energy of a substance is the total potential energy and random kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance. Students should know that the kinetic energy of the molecules arises from their random/translational/ rotational motion and that the potential energy of the molecules arises from the forces between the molecules.

INTERNAL ENERGY: The energy contained in an object due to the random KE and PE of the molecules.  Explain and distinguish between the macroscopic concepts of temperature, internal energy and thermal energy (heat). THERMAL ENERGY: The non-mechanical __transfer__ of energy between a system and its surroundings. Students should understand that the term thermal energy refers to the non-mechanical transfer of energy between a system and its surroundings. In this respect it is just as incorrect to refer to the “thermal energy in a body” as it would be to refer to the “work in a body”.

 Define the //mole// and //molar mass//.

MOLE: The amount of a substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12. MOLAR MASS: The mass of 1 mole of a substance. eg molar mass of water is 18g  Define the //Avogadro constant.//

AVOGADRO CONSTANT: The number of particles in a mole. A=6. 02 x 10 23